At the time the majority believed that fermentation was spontaneously generated by a series of chemical reactions in which enzymes—themselves not yet securely identified with life—played a critical role. In the modest laboratory that he was permitted to establish there, he continued his study of fermentation and fought long, hard battles against the theory of spontaneous generation.
The process was later extended to all sorts of other spoilable substances, such as milk. At the same time Pasteur began his fermentation studies, he adopted a related view on the cause of diseases.
He and a minority of other scientists believed that diseases arose from the activities of microorganisms—germ theory. Opponents believed that diseases, particularly major killer diseases, arose in the first instance from a weakness or imbalance in the internal state and quality of the afflicted individual. Surprisingly, he found that the guilty parties were two microorganisms rather than one.
Pasteur did not, however, fully engage in studies of disease until the late s, after several cataclysmic changes had rocked his life and that of the French nation. In , in the middle of his silkworm studies, he suffered a stroke that partially paralyzed his left side.
Nevertheless, Pasteur successfully concluded with the new government negotiations he had begun with the emperor. The government agreed to build a new laboratory for him, to relieve him of administrative and teaching duties, and to grant him a pension and a special recompense in order to free his energies for studies of diseases.
In his research campaign against disease Pasteur first worked on expanding what was known about anthrax, but his attention was quickly drawn to fowl cholera. This investigation led to his discovery of how to make vaccines by attenuating, or weakening, the microbe involved. Pasteur had been partially paralyzed since , due to a severe brain stroke, but he was able to continue his research.
He celebrated his 70th birthday at the Sorbonne, which was attended by several prominent scientists, including British surgeon Joseph Lister. At that time, his paralysis worsened, and he died on September 28, Pasteur's remains were transferred to a Neo-Byzantine crypt at the Pasteur Institute in We strive for accuracy and fairness. If you see something that doesn't look right, contact us! Subscribe to the Biography newsletter to receive stories about the people who shaped our world and the stories that shaped their lives.
Louis Braille invented a system of raised dots that enables blind people to read and write. His system is the globally accepted code for those with visual impairments.
He revoked the Edict of Nantes and is known for his aggressive foreign policy. French physicist Pierre Curie was one of the founding fathers of modern physics and is best known for being a pioneer in radioactive studies. French engineer and physicist Charles de Coulomb made pioneering discoveries in electricity and magnetism, and came up with the theory called Coulomb's Law. Francis Galton was an English explorer and anthropologist best known for his research in eugenics and human intelligence.
He was the first to study the effects of human selective mating. Louis Pasteur and Marie were married on May 29, , and together had five children. Only two survived to adulthood; his other three children had died of typhoid fever. These personal tragedies inspired Pasteur to try to find cures for diseases, such as typhoid. In at Marnes-la-Coquette , a commune in Paris , Pasteur died after several strokes. Louis Pasteur , microbiologist and chemist known for germ theory and vaccinations to reduce diseases.
Louis Pasteur facts for kids Kids Encyclopedia Facts. Quick facts for kids. Other common products such as beer, wine, bread, and cheese depend on microbes as well. Yet, at the time Pasteur was a child, few people knew that microbes existed. Pasteur's parents, Jean-Joseph Pasteur and Jeanne Roqui, taught their children the values of family loyalty, respect for hard work, and financial security.
He was regarded as an average student, who showed some talent as an artist. With this encouragement he applied himself to his studies. He swept the school prizes during the and school year.
Pasteur went to Paris in at the age of sixteen. Yet, he returned to Arboix less than a month later, overwhelmed with homesickness. In , at age twenty, he received his bachelor's degree in science. His doctoral thesis a long essay resulting from original work in college was on crystallography, the study of forms and structures of crystals.
During this time, Pasteur studied how certain crystals affect light. He became famous for this work. In Pasteur became chairman of the chemistry department at the University of Strasbourg, in Strasbourg, France. Here he began studying fermentation, a type of chemical process in which sugars are turned into alcohol.
His work resulted in tremendous improvements in the brewing of beer and the making of wine. He also married at this time. In , at the age of thirty-one, Pasteur became professor of chemistry and dean of sciences at the new University of Lille. Soon after his arrival at Lille, a producer of vinegar from beet juice requested Pasteur's help. The vinegar producer could not understand why his vinegar sometimes spoiled and wanted to know how to prevent it. Pasteur examined the beet juice under his microscope.
He discovered it contained alcohol and yeast. The yeast was causing the Louis Pasteur. Reproduced by permission of the Corbis Corporation. Pasteur then demonstrated that controlled heating of the beet juice destroyed the yeast, and prevented fermentation. This process, called "pasteurization," was eventually applied to preserve a number of foods such as cheese and milk. It also became the basis for dramatically reducing infection in the operating room.
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