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By Ben Anderson 5 days ago. By Maryann Xue 4 days ago. Cinco de Mayo is not Mexican Independence Day, a popular misconception.
Instead, it commemorates a single battle. At the time, the country was in financial ruin after years of internal strife, and the new president was forced to default on debt payments to European governments. Britain and Spain negotiated with Mexico and withdrew their forces. France, however, ruled by Napoleon III , decided to use the opportunity to carve an empire out of Mexican territory.
Certain that success would come swiftly, 6, French troops under General Charles Latrille de Lorencez set out to attack Puebla de Los Angeles, a small town in east-central Mexico. The vastly outnumbered and poorly supplied Mexicans, led by Texas-born General Ignacio Zaragoza, fortified the town and prepared for the French assault.
On May 5, , Lorencez gathered his army—supported by heavy artillery—before the city of Puebla and led an assault. The battle lasted from daybreak to early evening, and when the French finally retreated they had lost nearly soldiers.
Fewer than Mexicans had been killed in the clash. In —thanks in part to military support and political pressure from the United States, which was finally in a position to aid its besieged neighbor after the end of the Civil War —France finally withdrew.
Puebla de Los Angeles was renamed for General Zaragoza, who died of typhoid fever months after his historic triumph there. In the s, some Americans of Mexican heritage in Southern California took inspiration from the victorious battle to fuel the Union's efforts in the American Civil War.
The fifth of May was originally celebrated with festivities like parades, dances, banquets, and bullfighting by those Californians. Today, some of the largest festivals take place in Chicago, Denver, Portland, and St. Today, Cinco de Mayo isn't observed throughout all of Mexico. It's primarily celebrated in Puebla, where the battle the holiday celebrates took place.
Throughout the early- and mids in the US, the holiday was largely community-based and centered on celebrating Mexican heritage. But by the s, the day of festivities started to become commercialized. Several alcohol companies also started taking advantage of the opportunity to capitalize on the holiday, expediting this shift.
It's not a federal holiday in Mexico, so banks and other establishments aren't closed. But students in Puebla get the day off from school.
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