These are: folkways, taboos, mores, and laws. They increase in a scale of severity from folkways, which are implied norms, through to laws, which are enforced by the state. The concepts of folkways and mores were introduced in sociology by William Sumner in the early s. Sociologists, criminologists, and anthropologists have, since then, generally looked at cultural and social norms through the lens of these four norms. Definition: Folkways are customs that people within a society follow.
They are often implicit , meaning that you may not have been taught about the folkways in your culture. Instead, you learned them by being embedded in a culture while growing up. Examples: These are small little customs like covering your mouth when you yawn, trying not to smoke downwind of others, or making sure you say thank you to the grocery store clerk. Read more examples of folkways in sociology.
Discussion: In schools, teachers often reinforce folkway norms despite the fact that these norms are not in the curriculum. When teachers take it upon themselves to reinforce folkways, we call it the hidden curriculum. Severity: If you break a folkway, you might be considered a little strange, but no one will be too upset. You just might not make friends! People who understand folkways are usually more liked and socially accepted. Definition: Mores are moral norms. If you break a more, society will consider you to be immoral.
Some mores are illegal making them also laws , while others are not. Read about more examples of mores in sociology. Discussion: Mores are often the hardest to identify because they can also be a folkway, taboo, or a law at the same time. Definition: Taboos are social norms in a society that are considered shocking if you break them. Examples: Taboos in American culture include adultery, flirting while married, and spitting at others.
Read about more examples of taboos in sociology. They will often leave people shocked when people break them. Severity: While taboos may not necessarily be written into law although they can be , they are considered to be very severe. If you break one, you may be so embarrassed that you might not be able to look people in the eye anymore.
Definition: Laws are cultural and social norms that are policed by the state. Examples: Commonly, a society will pass laws related to violence against others, theft, and damage to property. Read about more examples of laws. Authoritarian societies might make many mores and taboos laws such as the heavy policing of littering in Singapore , while liberal societies will only pass laws about the most severe contraventions of social norms.
Severity: This is the highest level of severity of all the four types of norms. Mores distinguish the difference between right and wrong, while folkways draw a line between right and rude. While folkways may raise an eyebrow if violated, mores dictate morality and come with heavy consequences.
Key Terms mores : A set of moral norms or customs derived from generally accepted practices. Mores derive from the established practices of a society rather than its written laws.
William Graham Sumner : An American academic with numerous books and essays on American history, economic history, political theory, sociology, and anthropology.
Provided by : Boundless. Provided by : Wikipedia. Located at : en. Provided by : Wikibooks. Provided by : Wiktionary. Laws exist to discourage behavior that would typically result in injury or harm to another person, including violations of property rights. Those who enforce laws have been given legal right by a government to control behavior for the good of society at large.
When someone violates a law, a state authority will impose a sanction, which can be as light as a payable fine or as severe as imprisonment. Actively scan device characteristics for identification.
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