The Court of Gayumars, from the Shahnameh of Shah Tahmasp : Illuminated manuscripts of the Shahnameh were often commissioned by royal patrons. The medieval Islamic texts called Maqamat that were copied and illustrated by Yahya ibn Mahmud al-Wasiti, were some of the earliest coffee-table books. They were among the first texts in Islamic art to hold a mirror to daily life, portraying humorous stories and showing little adherence to prior pictorial traditions.
In the 17th century a new type of painting developed based around the album muraqqa. The albums were the creations of connoisseurs who bound together single sheets of paintings, drawings, or calligraphy by various artists; they were sometimes excised from earlier books and other times created as independent works. The paintings of Reza Abbasi figure largely in this new form of book art. The form depicts one or two larger figures, typically idealized beauties in a garden setting, and often use the grisaille techniques previously used for background border paintings.
The Mughals and Ottomans both produced lavish manuscripts of more recent history with the autobiographies of the Mughal emperors and purely military chronicles of Turkish conquests. Portraits of rulers developed in the 16th century, and later in Persia, where they became very popular. Mughal portraits, normally in profile, are very finely drawn in a realist style , while the best Ottoman ones are vigorously stylized.
Album miniatures typically featured picnic scenes, portraits of individuals, or in India especially animals, or idealized youthful beauties of either sex. Masterpieces of Ottoman manuscript illustration include the two books of festivals, one from the end of the 16th century and the other from the era of Sultan Murad III. These books contain numerous illustrations and exhibit a strong Safavid influence, perhaps inspired by books captured in the course of the Ottoman—Safavid wars of the 16th century.
Islamic art has notable achievements in ceramics that reached heights unmatched by other cultures. Discuss how developments such as tin-opacified glazing and stonepaste ceramics made Islamic ceramics some of the most advanced of its time. Islamic art has notable achievements in ceramics, both in pottery and tiles for buildings, which reached heights unmatched by other cultures.
Early pottery had usually been unglazed, but a tin-opacified glazing technique was developed by Islamic potters. The first Islamic opaque glazes can be found as blue-painted ware in Basra, dating to around the 8th century.
Another significant contribution was the development of stonepaste ceramics, originating from 9th century Iraq. The first industrial complex for glass and pottery production was built in Ar-Raqqah, Syria, in the 8th century.
Other centers for innovative pottery in the Islamic world included Fustat from to , Damascus from to around , and Tabriz from to Lusterware is a type of pottery or porcelain that has an iridescent metallic glaze.
Luster first began as a painting technique in glassmaking , which was then translated to pottery in Mesopotamia in the 9th century. This dish is from East Persia or Central Asia. The techniques, shapes, and decorative motifs of Chinese ceramics were admired and emulated by Islamic potters, especially after the Mongol and Timurid invasions. Until the Early Modern period, Western ceramics had little influence, but Islamic pottery was highly sought after in Europe, and was often copied.
An example of this is the albarello, a type of earthenware jar originally designed to hold apothecary ointments and dry drugs. The development of this type of pharmacy jar had its roots in the Islamic Middle East.
Hispano—Moresque examples were exported to Italy, inspiring the earliest Italian examples, from 15th century Florence. More refined production happened much later, presumably by Muslim potters who worked in the areas reconquered by the Christian kingdoms. The Hispano—Moresque style mixed Islamic and European elements in its designs and was exported to neighboring European countries. The style introduced two ceramic techniques to Europe:. Ottoman Iznik pottery produced most of the finest ceramics of the 16th century—tiles and large vessels boldly decorated with floral motifs that were influenced by Chinese Yuan and Ming ceramics.
These were still in earthenware, since porcelain was not made in Islamic countries until modern times. The medieval Islamic world also painted pottery with animal and human imagery. Examples are found throughout the medieval Islamic world, particularly in Persia and Egypt.
The textile arts refer to the production of arts and crafts that use plant, animal, or synthetic fibers to create objects. These objects can be for everyday use, or they can be decorative and luxury items. The production and trade of textiles pre-dates Islam, and had long been important to Middle Eastern cultures and cities, many of which flourished due to the Silk Road.
When the Islamic dynasties formed and grew more powerful they gained control over textile production in the region, which was arguably the most important craft of the era. The art of carpet weaving was particularly important in the Ottoman Empire. The Ottoman state was founded by Turkish tribes in northwestern Anatolia in and became an empire in after the momentous conquest of Constantinople.
Stretching across Asia, Europe, and Africa, the Empire was vast and long lived, lasting until when the monarchy was abolished in Turkey. Within the Ottoman Empire, carpets were immensely valued as decorative furnishings and for their practical value.
They were used not just on floors but also as wall and door hangings, where they provided additional insulation. These intricately knotted carpets were made of silk, or a combination of silk and cotton, and were often rich in religious and other symbolism. Hereke silk carpets, which were made in the coastal town of Hereke, were the most valued of the Ottoman carpets because of their fine weave.
The Hereke carpets were typically used to furnish royal palaces. A conspicuous feature of art in the Islamic world is the limited use of naturalistic images of living beings. This is because Islam, like Judaism and in certain periods Christianity, practices a kind of prohibition against the making of images — though a prohibition that has always been interpreted in very different ways. The Koran provides no specific guidelines for the use of images. Creating a manuscript required several steps.
First, a librarian had to determine the layout of each page and decide which scribes and artists he would need for the particular project. Calligraphers would then press lines into the paper and transcribe the text using ink and a reed pen. Once this phase was completed, the manuscript would be handed over to several artists who would illustrate the text using mixtures of gold, lapis lazuli and other ground minerals.
They were usually overseen by a master artist who was in charge of the overall composition of the miniatures and the most difficult illustrations. Other artists added illuminations as decorative details to the text, especially around the chapter headings, section breaks, borders and frontispieces. Finally, the pages were sewn together and attached to a protective cover made of wood, leather or paper. The end result of a manuscript usually represents the collaborative efforts of a whole team of artists, scribes and bookbinders.
Calligraphy is considered to be one of the most important elements of Islamic art because of its essential role in transmitting the word of God in the Quran , the Muslim holy book. The Arabic script is used in calligraphy because the Quran was revealed to the Prophet Muhammad in Arabic. Add a comment. Active Oldest Votes. Improve this answer.
Does it applies to simple illustration of person or simple motion graphics, such as this motion graphics — Murtaza. Hadiths are divided into 3 categories: Authentic ones : They seem as the most reliable ones. Made up ones : They are believed as they have been made up for political reasons etc. They are either against Quran clearly, or their narrators weren't trustworthy. Can't decidable ones : They are seem to be fine and accurate, but their narrators are not trustworthy or unknown.
Because of the hadiths. Please look at the link I gave. Community Bot 1. James James 5 5 silver badges 13 13 bronze badges.
I am not sure I understand your response. What is a hadith and how can it be forged? Aren't the other people quoting portions of the Koran to me? What do you mean about another sunnah involving dolls? I am not Muslim so you need to explain this to me. That is why I am asking here. Andre Andre 2 2 silver badges 9 9 bronze badges. Featured on Meta. Now live: A fully responsive profile. Linked 5.
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